Regular verbs in English

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Irregular verbs in English:

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Einstein's Biography

Albert Einstein was born as the first child of the Jewish couple Hermann and Pauline Einstein nee Koch, in Ulm on March 14, 1879.  Albert was a normal kid. In November 1881 Albert’s sister Maria – called Maja – was born.

A short time later the Einstein family went to Munich where Albert first attended elementary school and subsequently Luitpold grammar school. He was an "average" pupil but he was interested in science and mathematics. He did not like lessons in grammar school because he was forced to learn. When he turned 15, he left school  and followed his family to Milan. He attended school in Aarau (Switzerland) from 1895 to 1896. His ambition was to obtain the diploma of a subject teacher for mathematics and physics. He  finished his studies in July 1900.

He moved to Bern and he worked at the Patent Office. In his leisure time he worked in the area of theoretical physics. In 1905 he published several of his important scientific works.

In 1903 he married  Mileva Maric. One year later Einstein’s first son, Hans Albert, was born and his second son Eduard followed in 1910. In 1909. He became professor for theoretical physics at the University of Zurich. After that time he was a professor in Prague and then again in Zurich. In 1914 Einstein moved to Berlin to work there scientifically. In the same year World War I broke out.

Past actions

Regular verbs

Tips for memorizing the Past and Past Participle forms of irregular verbs

Category 1: irregular ending with no vowel change, V2=V3

group 1: d ending changes to t, ent changes to end 

bend     bent     bent
build     built     built
lend     lent     lent
send     sent     sent
spend     spent     spent

group 2: the verbs have and make 

have \ has    had     had
make     made     made

group 3: regular (V2, V3) in US English, irregular in UK English 

learn    learned \ learnt     learned \ learnt
burn    burned \ burnt     burned \ burnt
dwell     dwelled \ dwelt     dwelled \ dwelt
smell     smelled \ smelt     smelled \ smelt
spell     spelled \ spelt     spelled \ spelt
spill     spilled \ spilt     spilled \ spilt
spoil     spoiled \ spoilt     spoiled \ spoilt

group 4: ay ending changes to aid

*said is pronounced /sed/
lay
(the table,
clothes, eggs)    laid     laid
pay    paid     paid
say    *said
(/sed/)    *said
(/sed/)

Category 2: Vowel change, irregular ending, V2=V3

group 5: vowel change , d or t ending 

creep     crept     crept
feed     fed     fed
feel     felt     felt
keep     kept     kept
kneel     knelt \ kneeled     knelt \ kneeled
meet    met     met
sleep    slept     slept
sweep    swept     swept
weep    wept     wept
*leave    left     left

group 6: different pronunciation of the same vowel

d or t ending
deal    dealt    dealt
dream    dreamed \ dreamt     dreamed \ dreamt
lean    leaned \ leant    leaned \ leant
leap    leapt    leapt
mean    meant    meant
read    read (/red/)    read (/red/)
hear    heard    heard

group 7: ell turns to old

sell    sold    sold
tell    told    told

group 8: vowel change with ought (or *aught) ending

d or t ending
bring     brought     brought
buy     bought     bought
fight     fought     fought
seek     sought     sought
think     thought     thought
*catch     caught     caught
*teach     taught     taught

Category 3: Verbs with the same form V1=V2=V3

group 9: Verbs that do not change

d or t ending
bet     bet     bet
bid (to offer)    bid     bid
broadcast     broadcast \
broadcasted     broadcast \
broadcasted
burst     burst     burst
cost     cost     cost
cut     cut     cut
fit    fit
(was the right size)
fitted
(tailored, changed size)    fit
(was the right size)
fitted
(tailored, changed size)
hit     hit    hit
hurt    hurt     hurt
let     let     let
put    put     put
set     set     set
shut     shut     shut
spread    spread    spread
quit     quit     quit

Category 4: Vowel change, V3 ending with (e)n

 group 10: V2 and V3 with long /o / sound        

break     broke     broken      
choose     chose     chosen      
freeze     froze     frozen      
speak     spoke     spoken      
steal     stole     stolen      
awake     awoke \ awaked     awoken \ awaked      
wake     woke \ waked     woken \ waked      
weave     wove     woven   
  

group 11: V2 long o sound, V3 shirt /i/ sound        

arise     arose     arisen      
rise     rose     risen      
*ride     rode     *ridden      
drive     drove     driven      
*write     wrote     *written   
  

group 12: The following verbs:       

*bite     bit     *bitten      
*hide     hid     *hidden      
eat     ate     eaten      
give     gave     given      
forgive     forgave     forgiven      
forbid *     forbad(e)     forbidden      
* bid
( to command, farewell)    bade     *bidden      
* forget     forgot     *forgotten      
get     got     * gotten (AmE) \ got (BrE)      
shake     shook     shaken      
take     took     taken      
see     saw     seen      
beat     beat     beaten      
fall     fell     fallen      
lie
( down to rest)    lay     lain   

Pay attention!
Do not confuse lie (tell a lie, regular), lie (down to rest, irregular), and lay (the table, irregular).
 
*lie
(tell a lie)    lied     lied      
lie
(down to rest)    lay     lain      
lay
(the table, eggs)    laid     laid   
  

group 13: the ear-ore-orn pattern       

bear     bore    born      
swear     swore    sworn      
tear    tore    torn      
wear    wore    worn        

group 14: V1 with ow, V2 with ew, V3 with own        

blow     blew     blown      
             
grow     grew     grown      
             
know     knew     known      
             
throw     threw     thrown      
             
fly     flew     flown      
draw    drew     *drawn      
            

Category 5: regular V2, regular or irregular V3

 group 15        

show     showed     showed \ shown      
sow    sowed     sowed \ sown      
mow     mowed     mowed \ mown      
swell     swelled     swelled \ swollen      
sew     sewed     sewed \ sewn      
*shine
(the shoes)    shined    shined      
*shine
(brightly)    shone     shone    

Category 6: vowel change, no ending, V2=V3

 group 16: vowel change pattern, no ending        

dig     dug     dug      
stick     stuck     stuck      
spin     spun     spun      
sting     stung     stung      
strike     struck     struck      
swing     swung     swung      
*hang
(a man)    hanged     hanged      
*hang
(a picture)    hung     hung      
slide     slid     slid      
light     lighted \ lit     lighted \ lit      
shoot     shot     shot     

group 17: vowel change pattern i - ou - ou       

bind     bound     bound      
find     found     found      
grind     ground     ground      
wind     wound     wound   
  

group 18: vowel change ee - e - e       

bleed     bled     bled      
feed     fed     fed      
flee     fled     fled      
*lead     led     led      
*speed     speeded \ sped     speeded \ sped     

Category 7: The craziest verbs!

 group 19: vowel change pattern i - a - u       

begin     began     begun      
drink     drank     drunk      
ring     rang     rung      
shrink     shrank     shrunk      
sing     sang     sung      
sink     sank     sunk      
spin     span \ spun     spun      
spring     sprang     sprung      
swim     swam     swum   
  

group 20: vowel change, V1=V3        

come     came     come      
become     became     become      
run     ran     run   
  

group 21: miscellaneous        

the verb to be      
am/is/are     was/were     been      
go             went     gone      
*dive        dove     dived         
do     did     done     
can     could          
may     might          
hold     held    held      
stand     stood     stood      
understand     understood     understood      
sit     sat     sat      
babysit     babysat     babysat      
win     won     won      
lose     lost     lost  

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